Fats for Dogs

Fats are an essential macronutrient in a dog’s diet, which is made up of fatty acids and triglycerides. They work as the most concentrated source of energy and offer more than twice the calories per gram compared to proteins or carbohydrates. Fats have several essential biological roles and aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K, support brain development, regulate body temperature, help reduce inflammation, and maintain healthy skin and coat. Moreover, fatty acids like Omega-3 and Omega-6 must be supplied through the diet as a dog’s body cannot produce them on its own. 

Fat requirements may vary through different life stages and health conditions. For example, puppies need higher fat intake for growth, adult dogs require moderate levels for maintenance and activity, and senior dogs or those with medical conditions need lower fat intake to avoid health issues like pancreatitis and obesity. In addition, commercial dog food contains fats from both plant oils and animal fat, which can impact a dog’s health. Good fats from fish oil, chicken fat, and flaxseed provide beneficial fatty acids, while saturated fats or low-grade rendered fats can lead to health complications. This guide explains why fats are essential, which sources are best, how to balance fat in meals, and what to avoid to keep your dogs healthy.  

What Are Fatty Acids and Why Are They Important for Dogs?

In simple terms, fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat present in our bodies and in the food we eat. They are a key component in maintaining the structure and function of cells, especially in supporting essential metabolic processes and healthy cell membranes. If your dog lacks sufficient fats, their overall health, including skin condition, immune system performance, and organ development, can be compromised. 

The two main groups of essential fatty acids for dogs, Omega-6, such as Linoleic Acid (LA) and Arachidonic Acid (AA), support coat health, skin, and regulate inflammatory responses, and Omega-3 fatty acids such as Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), offer anti-inflammatory benefits and are crucial for eye and brain development. While nonessential fatty acids can be produced by a dog’s body, supplementing them during pregnancy, growth, or illness can enhance health and recovery. Fatty acids offer a wide range of benefits, like helping maintain healthy skin and a shiny coat, which makes them valuable for dogs prone to itching and dryness. 

Here is a list of the importance of fatty acids for dogs:

• It helps maintain healthy skin and promotes a shiny coat.
• It supports the structure and function of the cell and aids in immune system performance. 
• It supports organ development and regulates inflammatory responses.
• It helps reduce joint inflammation and supports arthritis relief. 
• Promotes brain and eye development in puppies via DHA and EPA.
• Ensure overall metabolic health and vitality at all stages of life. 

What Are the Best Sources of Fatty Acids for Dogs?

The best sources of fatty acids for dogs are fish oil (like sardine or salmon oil), chicken fat, beef fat, eggs, coconut oil, flaxseed & chia seeds, hemp seed oil, and fish oil supplements. These fats deliver essential vitamins like A, D, E, and K, which are important for your dog’s bone health and immune system. Essential fats like fish oil are rich in anti-inflammatory omega-3s for coat health,  flaxseed oil provides ALA, chicken fat provides omega-6, which is good for healthy skin and energy levels, while coconut oil provides MCTs, which are beneficial for older dogs.  

Feeding these fats in cold-pressed oils or capsules is often the most effective and stable way to deliver nutrients. However, overfeeding any type of fat can lead to pancreatitis and weight gain, as poorly stored oxidized fat can be harmful. To choose high-quality fatty products, look for labels indicating purified, wild-caught (for fish oils), or cold-pressed, and also check the expiration date. Lastly, refrigerating oils after opening or using them within their shelf life helps preserve their nutritional value.  

Salmon Oil & Fish

Salmon oil and fish oil are the best sources of omega-3 fatty acids, known for their anti-inflammatory properties, heart health, and beneficial for a dog’s skin, coat, and joints. As per the U.S. Department of Agriculture, one teaspoon of salmon oil contains 4.25 grams of DHA and EPA, 41 grams of calories, and 5 grams of fats. They support overall wellness by boosting immune function, improving brain and eye development in puppies, reducing joint pain, and helping manage allergies and dry skin. 

You can feed salmon oils through liquid pump bottles or soft gel capsules, added directly to meals. While purchasing the item, check for products labeled as wild-caught, third-party tested, and molecularly distilled for purity. However, overfeeding salmon oil can cause weight gain and digestive issues. It should be stored in a cool, dark place and refrigerated after opening.   

Chicken Fat

Poultry fat is rich in omega-6 fatty acids like linoleic acid, essential for maintaining a glossy coat and healthy skin in dogs. It’s free from protein, making it a safer energy source for dogs with chicken protein allergies, and provides a concentrated source of energy. It improves the appetite of dog food, enhances skin moisture, supports immune function, energy levels, and overall coat condition. Chicken fat is often used as an ingredient in commercial dog foods and can be added in moderation for a balanced homemade diet. 

However, overfeeding chicken fat can lead to obesity and weight gain, while poorly stored chicken fat may become contaminated, causing digestive issues. For high-quality chicken fat items, check for products with labels like “preserved with mixed tocopherols (Vitamin E)” rather than chemical preservatives, avoid unusual odors or discoloration, and look for trusted brands. It is ideal to store in a cool and dry place.     

Beef Fat

Beef tallow is rich in monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, making it the most palatable fat for cats and dogs. Although it doesn’t offer omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in high amounts like plant or fish oils, it still provides concentrated energy and supports vitamin absorption and healthy coat and skin when fed in moderation. Beef fat can improve energy levels and appetite for active or underweight dogs, helping boost appetite, support metabolism, and maintain body condition. 

The safest way to include it in your dog's diet is as part of a formulated dog food or in a small portion of cooked or trimmed fat. However, overfeeding it can increase the risk of pancreatitis and cause obesity, especially in dogs with sensitive stomachs.  While purchasing, choose items from trusted and reputable sources, products labeled as hormone-free or grass-fed, and avoid products with preservatives or additives. Lastly, store it in a cool and airtight container to maintain freshness.    

Eggs

Whole eggs are a natural source of healthy unsaturated and saturated fats, including small amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Likewise, they are rich in high-quality protein, choline, and vitamins A, D, E, and B-complex, which support muscle maintenance, immune function, skin, coat, and brain health. As raw eggs carry the risk of salmonella and can interfere with biotin absorption, they shouldn’t be fed frequently, while boiled or scrambled eggs, without oil, salt, or spices, can be a safe and great dietary addition for them.  

When fed in moderation, eggs can soothe a dog’s upset digestive system and support overall wellness. However, overfeeding eggs may lead to excessive weight gain and calorie intake. You should choose fresh, organic, or pasture-raised eggs to ensure product quality. Also, avoid buying expired eggs or eggs with cracked or dirty shells. Lastly, store your eggs in a cool, dry place or in a refrigerator to prevent contamination and preserve freshness.   

Coconut Oil

Virgin coconut oil is a good source of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) like lauric acid and saturated fat, which support energy metabolism and provide antibacterial and antifungal properties. These elements help boost the overall immune system, support brain function, and improve digestion in aging dogs. Likewise, coconut oil reduces skin irritation and improves coat shine, and enhances long-term cognitive health and weight management. 

The best way to feed coconut oil is by mixing virgin, cold-pressed coconut oil into your dog’s regular meals about ¼ teaspoon per 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of body weight, as overfeeding can lead to greasy stools, weight gain, diarrhea, and digestive issues. You should choose organic, cold-pressed, and unrefined coconut oil without added preservatives or flavorings. It should be stored in a cool and dark place in an airtight container to maintain freshness after opening. 

Flaxseed & Chia Seeds

Nutritious super seeds like flaxseed and chia seeds are excellent plant-based sources of omega-3 fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Chia seeds help boost the immune system and support electrolyte balance, whereas flaxseed is high in fiber, proteins, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory properties. Some of their key benefits are that they support digestive health, coat, and skin condition, reduce itchiness, and promote gut health. 

The way to feed these seeds is soaked or ground, especially for chia, as whole seeds may pass undigested. Also, you can sprinkle them over your dog’s food or mix them into homemade meals for additional nutrition. These seeds should be fed in moderation as overfeeding them can lead to digestive upset and excess calorie intake. You should choose organic non-GMO seeds, check for expiration and harvest date if possible, and store them in a cool and dark place, preferably in the fridge, to preserve their nutritional values.

Hemp Seed Oil

Hemp seed oil is a good source of essential fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6, in an ideal 3:1 ratio for dogs, as their bodies can’t produce them naturally. It contains vital nutrients like gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), antioxidants, and vitamin E that promote a healthy coat and skin, support immune health, and reduce inflammation. Likewise, it can help relieve itching and dry skin in the short term, while long-term use reduces chronic inflammation, supports joint health, and brain function. 

The best way to feed hemp seed oil is by adding unrefined, cold-pressed hemp seed oil into their food in small amounts or as per your vet’s recommendation. It should be fed in moderation, as too much can cause weight gain, diarrhea, and lethargy. Choose organic, cold-pressed oils packaged in dark, airtight bottles to ensure optimal quality and store them in a cool and dark place, and refrigerate after opening to preserve their freshness.   

Fish Oil Supplements

Omega-3 supplements, made from cold-water fish like salmon, are rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These are essential for supporting a dog’s heart health, proper brain and eye development in puppies, joint function, and promoting a healthy and shiny coat. EPA and DHA act as anti-inflammatory agents that benefit dogs with skin conditions, allergies, and arthritis. To ensure effective and safe use, the best way to feed fish oil is through liquid supplements and capsules made specifically for dogs. 

In addition, overfeeding fish oil supplements can cause digestive issues or increase the risk of bleeding, so proper dosage based on your dog’s breed and the supplement type is essential. Choose products labeled as “purified” or “molecularly distilled” and sourced from wild-caught fish to ensure quality products and store in a dark, airtight container or refrigerator after opening for maximum freshness. 

What Are the Recommended Fat Levels for Dogs?

The minimum amount of fat for healthy young adult dogs is 5.5%, with at least 1% coming from linoleic acid, as per the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF). Furthermore, the amount of fat a dog needs depends on their age, activity level, life stage, and overall health. While too much fat can result in obesity and digestive issues, too little fat can lead to low energy and poor coat condition. 

Here a complete guidelines on the recommended fat levels for dogs according to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO): 

As these are minimum guidelines, some dogs may require higher fat levels for a healthy coat and energy. Any adjustments to fat levels should be made after consulting a veterinarian. 

Are There Risks Associated with High-Fat Diets?

Yes, there are risks associated with high-fat diets, especially for less active dogs, suffering from pancreatitis and liver problems, and or have sensitive stomachs. Although fat is essential for a balanced diet, too much fat, like omega-3 and omega-6, can lead to serious health issues. The first and foremost effects of a fatty diet are vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. 

Likewise, the four main risks of regular high-fat diets are obesity (from excess calorie intake), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), nutrient imbalance (fat crowding out other essential nutrients), and digestive upset. If your dog shows signs of discomfort and lethargy, you should seek veterinary care to avoid long-term issues. Nonetheless, providing a balanced omega ratio, monitoring portion sizes, and fat intake is key to a dog’s healthy lifestyle.   

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas caused when the organ is overworked from digesting excessive amounts of fat. It is often triggered by a sudden intake of high-fat meals, abrupt diet changes, cooked fat trimmings, or leftovers from a meal. This can overwhelm the pancreas, leading it to release digestive enzymes too early, causing it to start digesting itself instead of the food. In breeds like Yorkshire Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, and Miniature Schnauzers, pancreatitis is more common as they are overweight and have poor dietary habits. 

The common signs of pancreatitis are severe lethargy, abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, diarrhea, shock, fever, loss of appetite, and severe dehydration. Moreover, pancreatitis can be acute or chronic and requires emergency veterinary care to prevent long-term effects. As high-fat diets are a major cause, owners should be mindful of their dogs’ diet. 

Obesity

Obesity is when your pet gains too much body fat, which leads to an overweight condition. Fat is highly calorie-dense and provides 9 kilocalories per gram, which is twice the calories from carbohydrates and proteins. Moreover, feeding high-fat treats or leftover human foods can easily lead to gradual weight gain and excessive calorie intake. Obesity is a higher risk of developing diabetes, increased stress on joints, shortened lifespan, and added strain on the heart and lungs. 

Moreover, dogs that have limited physical activity and are mostly indoors, particularly older or neutered pets, are more likely to be affected. Some common visible signs of obesity are difficulty in moving, excessive panting, reluctance to exercise, and lack of a defined waistline. Without early intervention through dietary changes and lifestyle, obesity can become a chronic condition. 

Digestive Upset

Digestive upset or gastrointestinal issues occur when dogs consume too much fat suddenly or too quickly. Some common symptoms are bloating, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive gas, and stomach discomfort, along with the signs of decreased appetite and lethargy. Usually, digestive upset happens when fatty foods are fed in large amounts, overwhelming the dog’s digestive system. 

Foods such as rendered animal fats and excessive amounts of coconut oil are more likely to trigger digestive problems, especially in dogs with a sensitive stomach. Likewise, frequent dietary changes and insufficient digestive enzymes can worsen the effects by making it harder to process fats. Moreover, some dogs naturally have low tolerance for fat and react badly to the safest amount of fat. Hence, fat intake should be introduced in a dog’s diet gradually and should be monitored always for individual reactions.  

Nutrient Imbalance

Dogs need a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins, just like us. Nutrient imbalance occurs when a dog’s diet is too high in fats, causing to push of essential nutrients like fiber, protein, and essential vitamins. Although fats are a vital energy source, overfeeding them can reduce protein levels essential for muscle health and fiber for digestion. This kind of nutrient imbalance can result in weak immunity, digestive issues, and poor growth over time. 

Dogs require a mix of protein and carbohydrates to meet their physical and energy needs. Excessive fat intake can change this ratio, mainly in homemade or raw diets that aren’t professionally made. Similarly, too much omega-6 fatty acid and too little omega-3 can promote inflammation, joint pain, chronic conditions, and increase the risk of skin problems. Hence, maintaining a nutritional and balanced diet is crucial for your dog’s health.

How Can I Balance Fats in My Dog's Diet?

Balancing fats in your dog’s diet means providing the right amount, type, and ratio of fats, particularly a healthy balance between Omega-3 and Omega-6 acids. The source of fat also plays a key role in supporting a dog’s overall health, skin and coat condition, inflammation control, energy levels, and brain development. While omega-6 is commonly found in commercial dog foods, omega-3 needs to be added to achieve the ideal omega-6:omega-3 ratio, i.e. between 5:1 and 10:1. 

You can follow the guide below to achieve this balance: 

1. Understand Your Dog’s Needs: Dogs at different life stages (puppy, adult, senior), dogs with health conditions, and activity levels have different energy and fat requirements. 
2. Check Dog Food Labels: Checking dog food labels helps you identify the amounts and types of fats present in their food. Look for the source of fats and ensure a balanced omega-6 to omega-3 ratio for optimal health. 
3. Use a Variety of Fat Sources: Different fats offer unique benefits and fatty acid profiles; hence, rotate healthy oils like flaxseed oil, hemp oil, fish oil, and chicken fats for a balanced intake. 
4. Start New Fats Gradually: While adding fat intake, allow your dog’s body to adapt gradually and to avoid potential sensitivities or digestive issues caused by the new fat source. 
5. Watch for Signs of Imbalance: Observing your dog’s coat, skin, and overall health condition can indicate whether their fat intake is high or low. 
6. Use Treats and Supplements Wisely: Moderating the fat content in treats and supplements helps prevent overconsumption and maintain overall balance. 
7. Consult Your Vet for Customization: Consult with your vet for tailored advice based on your pet’s specific needs and health conditions for an overall balanced fat intake. 

Which Fatty Foods Should Dogs Avoid?

Dog owners should be aware of cooked animal fat trimmings, high-salt processed meats, toxic human foods, and rancid oils or spoiled fats, as they are harmful, high-fat sources not suitable for dogs’ consumption. While fats are essential in a dog’s diet, not all fatty foods are safe for them, as certain high-fat foods can be inflammatory, toxic, and harmful to their digestion and long-term health. Likewise, fats that come from leftovers, spoiled food, or processed human items are also not fit for dogs. 

Cooked Animal Fat Trimmings

Cooked animal fat trimmings, like greasy or charred bits from steak, pork, or chicken, may look like a tasty treat, but they are harmful to dogs. They contain an altered chemical structure from cooking and high saturated fats that are hard to digest, offer no nutritional value, and can irritate a dog’s digestive tract. Consuming such pieces in excessive amounts can lead to pancreatitis, a serious inflammation of the pancreas. Some of the common mistakes include feeding dogs bacon grease, fried meat trimmings, and table scraps, which can be dangerous for overweight, small breeds, or senior dogs with weaker metabolisms. 

High-Salt Processed Meats

High-salt processed meats like sausages, bacon, jerky, deli slices, and canned meats are often loaded with preservatives and unhealthy levels of sodium and fat. Although they seem like a tasty treat, they can cause dehydration, sodium poisoning, and kidney strain, especially in small dog breeds and dogs with health issues. This type of food contains additives like nitrites, nitrates, monosodium glutamate (msg), and smoked flavorings, which can result in obesity, high blood pressure, and cause stress on the heart and liver. Although processed meats are high in protein, the high amount of preservatives, salt, and artificial flavorings outweighs any nutritional benefits.  

Toxic Human Foods

High-fat human food is toxic to dogs as they contains harmful compounds like theobromine, xylitol, salt, fat, and chemicals that can cause seizures, organ damage, or pancreatitis. Likewise, fatty baked goods like cookies and muffins can affect the heart and can trigger life-threatening drops in blood sugar and liver failure. Likewise, fried foods cooked in batters, salt, and spices can irritate a dog’s stomach. Lastly, cheese and cream are high in fat and lactose, which dogs find hard to digest properly, causing vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, seizures, or organ damage when exposed to these foods.  

Rancid Oils or Spoiled Fats

Rancid oils or spoiled fats are old flaxseed or fish oil that are oxidized, expired, or improperly stored oils making them harmful to dogs. Oxidation is a process where fats break down after being exposed to heat, air, or light, and can cause liver damage and oxidative stress in dogs. You can easily spot rancid fats by their paint-like odor, sticky or gummy residue around the cap, or cloudy and discolored oil. You should store oils in a cool, dark place in an air-tight container, or refrigerate after opening to preserve their freshness. Also, check for expiration dates and discard anything past its shelf life as it disrupts digestion, deprives your dog of vital fatty acids, and promotes inflammation.  

What Should You Look for in Fat-Enriched Dog Treats?

As a responsible pet owner, when choosing fat-enriched dog treats, go for options with healthy and beneficial fats like omega-3 and omega-6 acids from high-quality sources like chicken fat, fish oil, and flaxseed oil. They support your dog’s coat, skin, and overall health. Likewise, avoid treats with generic animal fats or overly processed ingredients that offer no nutritional value and upset your dog’s stomach instead. Also, check labels for natural ingredients, specific fat sources, and indicators of sustainability or local sourcing. Nonetheless, The Doggie's Deli is the perfect solution and a trustworthy brand offering fat-enriched dog treats with high-quality ingredients sourced from reliable sources. We use wholesome ingredients and ensure every treat is both delicious and nutritious for your furbaby. We prioritize your pet’s health and craft our treats with transparency, care, and safe manufacturing practices, ensuring your pet enjoys clean and safe treats.